The objective of entry is to gain direct access to the apical foramina, not merely to the canal orifices. Remember straight-line access.
Access cavity preparations are different from typical operative occlusal preparations since operative preparations are based on the topography of occlusal grooves, pits and fissures, and the avoidance of the underlying pulp.
The likely interior anatomy of a tooth under treatment must be determined. Each tooth has a typical length, number, and configuration of canals. Radiographs taken from two different angles must be studied. The information gained before initiation of penetration will greatly facilitate the entry as well as subsequent treatment.
When canals are difficult to find, the rubber dam should not be placed until correct location has been confirmed. Determination of the angle of malposed or extensively restored teeth can sometimes be easier with the dam off.
References:
1. Weine, FS. Endodontic Therapy, 5th edition, Mosby 1996
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