The Correct Answer is a) Low dose/high frequency fluoride
According to Featherstone, primary benefits of are had with a continuous low level of exposure of aqueous fluoride in contact with enamel in the presence of calcium and phosphate ions.
Chronic excessive fluoride intake during tooth development may bring about fluorosis.
1ppm fluoride in drinking water is the optimal amount needed for caries prevention before any signs of fluorosis appears.
Remineralization-demineralization balance theory indicates 0.2 to 1.0ppm Fluoride lowers the solubility of enamel.
In vitro experiments have shown that concentrations of Fluoride in range of 100ppm reduce sensitive bacteria population. Sublethal concentrations alter carbohydrate metabolism by reducing acidogenicity, altering the production of extra cellular insoluble polysaccharides, and possibly reducing adhesion.
Fluoride concentration in saliva rarely exceeds a few ppm. Effect of additional Fluoride on plaque metabolism is insignificant except for individuals with reduced saliva flow <>
Featherstone, JDB, The science and practice of caries prevention. JADA 2000; 121:887-899
Phillips Science of Dental Materials 11th ed., Anusavice, K.J. P447-9
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