Dental caries is linked to the hard dental tissues. It starts with the enamel surface’s decalcification during which the hydroxyapatite crystals loose its orientation, change their shape and the interprismatic spaces are enlarged. When more rods become affected, a macroscopically detectable defect of the enamel can be observed. After the decay crosses the enamel-dentine boundary, it spreads more rapidly through dentine towards the pulp. The carious focus consists of large cavities on the surface which are filled with numerous microorganisms producing acids and proteolytic enzymes. As the caries process widens, it affects the enamel, dentine, and the cement. The primary caries occurs on those teeth surfaces that have not been treated yet, the secondary caries starts at the close vicinity of fillings. The occurrence of the secondary caries depends on the physical and chemical properties of the filling materials, faults during its preparation, and during a tooth preparation and filling. Profession - related caries are caused by the sugar or flour dust at workers in bakeries and mills. These caries occur mainly as circular forms around the tooth cervix. Ignoring safety rules when working with acids or hydroxides leads to damage of the frontal teeth labial surfaces. According to the extent of damage to teeth, caries can be divided into surface caries (extending to the enamel), medium caries (extends into dentine) and caries close to the pulp (at the close proximity of the pulp chamber).
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