Answer: (d)
OSTEOCONDUCTIVE- the graft acts as a template or trellis to assist in bone formation and deposition.
OSTEOINDUCTIVE- The graft acts to stimulate or induce new bone formation by undifferentiated cells.
OSTEOGENESIS- The cells of the graft actually produce new bone.
The smaller size of particles are easier for the body to resorb and more actively induce regeneration in osseous defects. Cancellous bone is the best source of pluripotential osteogenic cells. Adequate vascularity is needed and intramarrow penetration with a ½ round bur can be used to aid in a bleeding bed. A mechanically stable wound site with primary flap closure and circumferential seal is important to keep bacterial contaminants from the wound site and to aid in the bone graft material to not wash out. Emdogain is enamel matrix proteins obtained from pigs- it seems to encourage the formation of acellular cementum that is then followed by associated bone deposition.
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